Literature review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 5

Literature review - Essay Example characterizes Russia’s basic Chechnya policy dating back to Stalin, which looks at Chechens as undeserving of political latitude because of their long history of banditry, among other reasons. This means political alienation for the Chechens, a condition that makes it a perfect breeding ground for violence (Hewitt, C., 2002). Hewitt posits that violence is a response to being excluded from the political arena, such that people will resort to violence if they see the political system as unresponsive to their needs. So when Chechen rebel bands intensified attacks on Russian troops and civilian targets, the Russian federation responded in kind and, in some cases, with even greater force. The group instinct of the Chechens perceived this as a threat. Based on Evan Harrington’s (2004) theory of inter-group hostility, the situation is rife for violence when a â€Å"group senses a threat from its government, from another group in the same country, or another government.† All the known political and psychological theories on inter-group hatred, prejudice, realistic conflict, ethnocentrism and authoritarianism may have come into play to hasten the plunge of the Russia-Chechen conflict into the pit of violence and hostility. Russia is a melting pot of races, cultures and religions, making the federation a stratified society. This condition breeds inter-group hatred, in which there will always be unequal power relations and even discrimination between social groups. (Amiot, C. & Bourhis, R., 2005) The Russians who comprise the social and political majority in the federation may thus look down on the smaller Muslim segment of the population who are then reduced to a minority or low-status group. Amiot & Bourhis (2005) observe that the dominant group members in such a situation tend to initiate â€Å"overt† or â€Å"covert† acts of discrimination against the low-power groups. This portends certain trouble because at a later stage, the members of the low

Management - Web Activity Speech or Presentation

Management - Web Activity - Speech or Presentation Example Also anger gets generated when somebody feels that the opposite party has intentionally done something wrong. Anger is always perceived as a negative mannerism in the society. However in some situations anger can be a good thing. It helps an individual to express his/her negative feelings in a stronger way. In order to cite an instance anger assists to motivate individuals in the process of finding possible solutions of the problems. While on the other hand extreme and unnecessary anger can generate various kind of problems. It hugely impacts in the physical and mental health of a person. It leads to increased blood pressure, muscle tension, headaches, increased heart rate, higher sugar levels and also other associated mental and physical issues. Extreme anger also makes it complicated for a person to think simple and straight, thereby harming the mental and physical health (â€Å"Anger†). Recent studies portray that anger hugely increases the chance of heart disease and can e ven be a cause of certain nervous breakdown. A study in this aspect was conducted with a sample of around 12,986 adults for 3 years. The research revealed that persons with high anger trait are hugely prone to coronary diseases. Also another study with 4,083 adults conducted for over a period of 10 years revealed that, those who have the lowest level of anger control, holds the highest risk towards non fatal and fatal cardio vascular diseases. Nonetheless it also revealed that when the level of anger is moderate and also uttered assertively, the intensity of disruptiveness is less as compared to intense and frequent anger. Aggression: A Brief Overview Aggression is a deeper sense is the action or the behavior which is antagonistic, vigorous and energetic in nature. Aggression can generate either out of retribution, retaliation or through provocation. Nonetheless in the narrower definition that are being used in the behavioral science or social science, aggression is a rationale or i ntention in order to cause harm or in simple words is an action that intends to boost the comparative social supremacy. Defensive or predatory behavior among the members of various genuses however is not considered as aggression. Aggression can take various forms that can be either physical or can be conversed non-verbally or verbally. Aggression behavior is however not assertive in nature. It can be described as the way by which an individual portrays what he/she believes and anybody contradicts it is wrong from his/her point of view (â€Å"Aggressive behavior†). For example words such as ‘You're so stupid. Just do as I say and don't ask questions’, clearly justify the meaning of aggression. Aggression can be depicted by shoving, punching, hitting or even defacement another person, and it can occur in child or elder abuse, marital violence, and criminal activities. Anger and Aggression: Differences in Perspectives While studying about the concepts of anger and a ggression, I mainly found the difference between the two actions lies in their occurrences. The causes of anger and aggression depend upon different situations. I believe anger and aggression are the two different dimensions of human psychology. Since anger is usually uttered only through deafening verbalizations, it is the cases of hostility that coil up in the illegal justice system. I found in a recent study conducted by